A Dolls House Characters Descriptions, Analysis

In Henrik Ibsens A Doll’s House, characters use false surfaces and middle class comforts to conceal their struggles and neuroses. As the play unfolds, the characters face the consequences of these suppressed feelings, with each individual handling the consequences differently. Nora Helmer Nora Helmer is the protagonist of the play. When she is introduced at the beginning of Act I, she seems to revel in the comforts that her middle-class life allows her. She is happy to have lots of money and not have to worry about anything. Her demeanor, initially, is childish and coquettish, and her husband routinely refers to her as â€Å"lark† or â€Å"little squirrel†Ã¢â‚¬â€in fact, Torvald does treat her like a pretty doll, getting a rush of erotic excitement when she dons a â€Å"Neapolitan-style† costume and dances the tarantella, like a puppet. However, Nora has a more resourceful side. Before the events of the play, Torvald was ill and needed to travel to Italy to heal. The couple did not have enough money, so Nora took out a loan by forging her dead father’s signature, effectively committing fraud to save her husbands health. This side of Nora fully emerges during the denouement of the play, when she finally understands that her marriage was based on societal conventions and that she is more than a simple doll for men to enjoy at their leisure.   Torvald Helmer Torvald Helmer  is Noras husband and the newly promoted manager of the local joint stock bank. He routinely spoils Nora and claims to be in love with her, but he talks to down to her and treats her like a doll. He calls her names like â€Å"lark and little squirrel, implying that he considers Nora endearing but not an equal. He was never told exactly how Nora came up with the money for his medical trip to Italy. If he knew, his pride would suffer. Torvald values appearances and formality in society. The reason he fires Krogstad has less to do with the fact that Krogstad committed forgery and more to do with the fact that Krogstad did not address him with the appropriate respect and formality. After Torvald reads Krogstad’s letter detailing Nora’s crime, he becomes enraged at his wife for committing an act that could damage his own reputation (despite the fact that her goal was to save his life). Nora eventually leaves him, he emphasizes how inappropriate it is for a woman to abandon her husband and children. Overall, he has a superficial view of the world and seems unable to deal with the unpleasantness of life. Dr. Rank Dr. Rank is a rich family friend, who, unlike Torvald, treats Nora as an intelligent human being. He is quick to point out that Krogstad is â€Å"morally ill.† During the timeframe in which the play takes place, he is ailing from the final stages of tuberculosis of the spine, which, based on what he told Nora, he inherited from his philandering father, who had a venereal disease. At the end of the play, he tells only Nora that his time has come, as he thinks this information would be too â€Å"ugly† for Torvald. He has been in love with Nora for a long time, but she only loves him platonically, as a friend. He acts as a foil to Torvald in the way he talks to Nora, to whom he reveals his seriously deteriorating health. Nora, in turn, acts more like a sentient being and less like a doll around him. Kristine Linde Kristine Linde is an old friend of Nora’s. She is in town looking for a job because her late husband died bankrupt and she has to support herself. She used to be romantically involved with Krogstad, but she married someone else for financial security and in order to provide support to her brothers (now grown) and to her invalid mother (now deceased). With nobody left to care for, she feels empty. She asks Nora to intercede for her in asking Torvald for a job, which he is happy to give her, given that she has experience in the field. By the end of the play, Kristine Linde reunites with Krogstad. Her life trajectory makes her a foil to childlike Nora, and she is the one who persuades Krogstad to recuse the accusations towards Nora. However, because she sees the deception at the heart of Noras marriage, she wont allow Krogstad to destroy the original letter that details Nora’s crime, as she believes that the Helmers’ marriage could benefit from some truth. Nils Krogstad Nils Krogstad is an employee at Torvald’s bank. He is the person who lent Nora money so that she could take Torvald to Italy to recover from his illness. After Torvald fires him, Krogstad asks Nora to plead with her husband to reconsider his decision. When Nora refuses to do so, he threatens to expose the illegal loan she got from him. As the play progresses, Krogstads demands escalate, to the point that he also demands a promotion. At the end of the play, Krogstad reunites with Kristine Linde (to whom he was once engaged) and recants his threats to the Helmers.   Anne Marie   Anne Marie is Nora’s former nanny, the only mother-like figure Nora ever knew. She is now helping the Helmers with child-rearing. In her youth, Anne Marie had a child out of wedlock, but she had to give up the child in order to start working as Nora’s nurse. Much like Nora and Kristine Linde, Anne Marie had to make a sacrifice for the sake of financial security. Nora knows that if she leaves her family, Anne Marie will take care of her children, which makes the decision less unbearable to Nora. Ivar, Bobby, and Emmy The Helmers’ children are named Ivar, Bobby and Emmy. When Nora plays with them, she appears to be a doting and playful mother, perhaps as a nod to her childlike demeanor.

Personal Statement Defender Direct Will - 3490 Words

Ethan Thomas COB401 / Prof. Stiver Assignment #2 6/14/2015 Introduction By the first of next month, DEFENDER Direct will officially be known as Defenders. This has been an endeavor lasting months. Each aspect of the company has been contributing to make sure there is a successful transition into this rebranding strategy. Through analysis and research it is easy to observe how the entire company has properly prepared and affected this transition. With many moving pieces, Defenders has still stayed true to their goals, values, and mission statement. They are still the top marketer, seller, and installer of ADT Home Security Systems. Properly titled an Authorized Premier Provider for ADT, Defenders continually strives to constantly grow and†¦show more content†¦New employees are encourage to become growth orientated learners, competitive winners, and humble servants. By understanding and following these values one can truly grow. We are called to grow and inspire leaders who love and serve people (Defenders, 2015). Leader is emphasized with the mantra â€Å"Everyone is a leader† (Defenders, 2015). A mission statement is created and used to portray larger environment goals and should indirectly guide individuals within an organization to greater outcomes personally and professionally (Kotler Armstrong, 2014, p. 63). In this mission statement, the focus never hits directly on what the company does or accomplishes from a business aspect. By investing so heavily in the employees themselves, Defenders simplify the business and encourage growth in the individual to reach bigger goals. Defenders have always stressed company culture and its overall mission. The re-branding has not truly affect what is being implemented, but created more importance on the individual employees. Each employee is a defender, and the company is properly renaming itself in support of each defender that works for the company. This internal re-branding was the first piece of the much larger puzzle of interesting the brand to each piece of the company and to the business world. By renaming themselves to reflect their

Financial Relationship

Question: 1.Explain the Following Concepts ? A.Sensitivity Analysis B.Scenario Analysis 2.Explain the Following Model ? A.Capital Asset Pricing Model. B.Capital Market Line. Answer : Introduction This assignment mainly provides the answers of two questions. While answering the first question, the study discusses on the relationship between the capital budgeting techniques like, Internal Rate of Return and Net Present Value method and managerial decision making process. At the same time, the answer also includes the discussion regarding the concepts of sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis in relation to capital budgeting techniques. The answer in the second question defines the similarities and dissimilarities between the Capital Assets Pricing Model and Capital Market Line. Question 1 The capital budgeting techniques like, Internal Rate of Return and Net Present Value analysis are most popular methods that help the management of the companies taking logical investment decisions (Robinson and Burnett 2016). The internal rate of return is a capital budgeting technique that helps to identify the percentage of return that the management or the company will get by investing in a particular project. While calculating the internal rate of return, the management considers future cash inflows and out flows of that project. In the words of Abor (2017), the internal rate of return or IRR either motivates or de-motivates the investors or the management towards a particular project. The identification of IRR percentage of the project also indicates the breakeven point of the project. Hayward et al. (2016) suggests that if the value of IRR is higher than the cost of finance, then the project can be consider as an attractive project. This means, by identifying the IRR, the manag ement can understand whether the project is suitable for them or not. Net Present Value or NPV is another capital budgeting method that helps to identify the present value of certain future course of action or the future project (Magni, Veronese and Graziani 2016). In order to identify the NPV of a particular project, the future cash flows and discounting rate are considered. In case of a particular project, if the NPV value is positive, then it is considered that the project will be able to generate positive cash inflows in future years when the project will be completed (Tong, Hu and Hu 2017). Therefore, like, IRR, the NPV also helps the management understanding whether the project will be profitable for the company or not. Concept of sensitivity analysis in relation to capital budgeting technique Sensitivity analysis is a concept that helps identifying the impact of different values of independent variable on the dependent variable under certain circumstances (Christina 2009). On the other side, capital budgeting is a technique of analyzing a particular project in order to determine whether the project must be taken or not. Berk and Van Binsbergen (2016) have mentioned that the sensitivity analysis is related to the capital budgeting techniques to some extent. In case of the sensitivity analysis in general context, the management analyzes the project by considering both financial as well as non-financial factors, whereas in the capital budgeting, the management considers only the financial factors while analyzing a particular project (Anderson and Linderoth 2016). This indicates that the sensitivity analysis in relation to capital budgeting is that through which the management analyzes the financial factors of a project. In the other words, it can be said that through sensitivity analysis, the management of a company identifies or determines the probability of getting success in a particular project. Habibi, Habibi and Habibi (2016) has defined the sensitivity analysis as the technique of identifying or budgeting the cash inflow and outflow of a particular project by considering some essential factors like, interest rate, current economic condition and inflation rate. The sensitivity analysis in relation to capital budgeting can be better done with the help of IRR and NPV methods (Robinson and Burnett 2016). For example, in a particular project, the management of a company identified the IRR 10%, where the cost of capital is 5%. This means the IRR is much higher than the cost of capital or finance cost. Therefore, there is more chance or probability that the project will be profitable or suitable for the company because the rate of return that the investor or the company will get will be high. Simila rly, if the company identifies that the net present value of the project is negative, then the probability of project failure will be high, which means the management must not invest in the project (Christina 2009). Concept of Scenario analysis in relation to capital budgeting technique Scenario analysis is a technique of analyzing a particular project by considering certain factors and assumptions. In the other words, it can be said that the scenario analysis is a technique of analyzing a project by considering variety of situations or scenarios. Berk and Van Binsbergen (2016) commented that the scenario analysis helps the management of a company analyzing each possible alternative outcome of a particular project. Habibi, Habibi and Habibi (2016) have mentioned that the scenario analysis helps the managers identifying the value of a project by considering each risk factor. With the help of the scenario analysis, the management can understand impact of any unfavorable situation on the particular project taken by the company (Anderson and Linderoth 2016). For example, while investing in a new project like, business expansion, the management of the Woolworths Limited conducts the scenario analysis in order to identify the possible risks and return percentage of the pr oject. Before starting or investing a particular project, it is very important conducting the scenario analysis of the project. In case of any particular investment project, the company can conduct the scenario analysis by identifying the IRR and NPV by considering different rates of cost of capital (Tong, Hu and Hu 2017). At the same time, the management can also conduct the scenario analysis by identifying the IRR and NPV at different economic situations like, identifying the IRR and NPV during the high inflation in the market and identifying the IRR and NPV by considering the depression in the market (Christina 2009). Scenario analysis through capital budgeting techniques helps the management conducting realistic analysis of the project, which ultimately helps taking quick and appropriate decision. Therefore, from the above analysis, it can be understood that sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis both are important for the management while taking any decision related to capital investment. These two analytical concepts are very effective in case of capital budgeting. These two concepts help analyzing the project under realistic scenario. Question 2 Identifying the similarities and differences between Capital Assets Pricing Model and Capital Market Line Before identifying the similarities and dissimilarities between Capital Assets Pricing Model or (CAPM) and Capital Market Line, it is important to have a basic knowledge on these two concepts, which are stated below: The main motive of CAPM model is identifying the relationship between the systematic risk and the expected return from a particular investment or asset (Lal et al. 2016). While analyzing a particular project with the help of CAPM, the management requires considering both of the systematic and unsystematic risk factors. Prat (2016) has considered the CAPM as one of the most suitable model for analyzing the suitability of a particular financial or investment project. In order to identify the expected return through the CAPM model, the following formula will be followed: Re = Rf + B [E (Rm) Rf] Rf = Risk free rate of the securities Re = Return on equity B = Beta coefficient and E (Rm) = Expected rate of return on the portfolio of market B [E (Rm) Rf] = The difference between the rate of risk- free rate and the anticipated return of market security that is referred as market premium. On the other side, the Capital Market Line shows the market portfolio of a particular set of risky assets. This is a tangent line that represents the value of the risks factors in a particular project. The Capital Market Line starts from the point, where the investment project is risk free and ends to the point, where the risks in the project starts (Kianpoor and Dehghani 2016). The Capital Market Line indicates the risk factors in a project that helps the CAPM model determining the fair value of the investment or project in respect to the current market value (Do, Bhatti and Konya 2016). Moreover, the Capital Market Line helps determining the level of performance of a particular assets portfolio. The Capital Market Line for a particular investment portfolio indicates whether the portfolio is overvalued or under-valued. The securities under a portfolio can be considered as under-valued if the expected rate of return of the security against the risk component that is beta is drawn abo ve the Capital Market Line and vice-versa (Kianpoor and Dehghani 2016). The major similarity between Capital Assets Pricing Model and Capital Market Line is that both help to determine the return from a particular investment or portfolio (Christensen, Hail and Leuz 2016). In case of the CAPM, the expected return on investment is measured based on the expected market return, risk variance and risk free rate of return (Lal et al. 2016). On the other side, in case of the Capital Market Line, the expected return is measured by identifying the tangent line by considering the CAPM. Another similarity between these two is that the both consider the risk factors while determining the return. As stated above, in case of CAPM, two types of risks are considered systematic risk and unsystematic risk (Petters and Dong 2016). On the other side, as the Capital Market Line is determined by considering the CAPM, it also considers the systematic as well as unsystematic risk. In the words of Prat (2016), the expected return from a project or investment which is determined by the CAPM model, is represented by the Capital Market Line. Though there are some similarities between the Capital Assets Pricing Model and Capital Market Line, it cannot be said that these two are completely same. There are some differences between these two. The first difference is that the Capital Assets Pricing Model determines the expected return of the investment portfolio by considering the risk free rate, systematic risks and the market premium rate; whereas, the Capital Market line determines the value of the investment portfolio by considering the probable return and risk factors (Christensen, Hail and Leuz 2016). Another difference between these two is that the Capital market line is just a graphical representation of value of the securities in the investment portfolio, but the CAPM does not provide any graphical representation that identifies the expected returns for the investment portfolio of a particular investor (Petters and Dong 2016). The capital market line depends on the CAPM model because while determining the Capital Market Line, the CAPM formula is followed in order to identify the expected return of the particular investment portfolio (Do, Bhatti and Konya 2016). However, the Capital Assets Pricing Model is not depended on the Capital Market line. Therefore, it can be said that CAPM is a part of Capital Market Line but Capital Market Line is not a part of CAPM model. In case of the Capital Market Line, only the efficient portfolios are shown. In the other words, it can be said that the Capital Market Line represents only those portfolio, which are efficient and include high return. However, this cannot be applied in case of the CAPM model (Christina 2009). Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be said that CAPM and Capital Market Line are related to each other but they are not completely same. Conclusion In this study, it has been identified that the Internal Rate of Return and he Net Present Value are the two most effective methods of capital budgeting. The study has identified that the internal rate of return and the net present value help the management of the companies to determine whether they should invest in a particular project or not. At the same time, the study has also identified that the management of an organization may conduct the sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis based on the capital budgeting techniques like, IRR and NPV. As per the analysis in the study, the sensitivity and scenario analyses help to determine the feasibility and suitability of the project in the real scenario. The study has also indicated that the capital assets pricing model and the capital market line both aim to identify the expected return of an investment portfolio and at the same time, these two also consider the risk factors while determining the expected return. However, the capital market line is a graphical representation of value of the securities in the investment portfolio, which is not same in case of the capital assets pricing model. Reference list: Abor, J.Y., 2017. Evaluating Capital Investment Decisions: Capital Budgeting. InEntrepreneurial Finance for MSMEs(pp. 293-320). Springer International Publishing. Anderson, E. and Linderoth, J., 2016. High Throughput Computing for Massive Scenario Analysis and Optimization to Minimize Cascading Blackout Risk.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. Berk, J.B. and Van Binsbergen, J.H., 2016. Assessing asset pricing models using revealed preference.Journal of Financial Economics,119(1), pp.1-23. Christensen, H.B., Hail, L. and Leuz, C., 2016. Capital-market effects of securities regulation: Prior conditions, implementation, and enforcement.Review of Financial Studies, p.hhw055. Christina, P., 2009. Capital budgeting methods.Docs. school Publications. Do, H.Q., Bhatti, M.I. and Konya, L., 2016. On ASEAN capital market and industry integration: a review.Corporate Ownership and Control Journal,2(1), pp.8-23. Habibi, H., Habibi, R. and Habibi, H., 2016. Derivation of Kalman Filter Estimates Using Bayesian Theory: Application in Time Varying Beta CAPM Model.Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods,5(2), pp.1-16. Hayward, M., Caldwell, A., Steen, J., Gow, D. and Liesch, P., 2016. Entrepreneurs' Capital Budgeting Orientations and Innovation Outputs: Evidence From Australian Biotechnology Firms.Long Range Planning. Kianpoor, M.M. and Dehghani, A., 2016. The Analysis on Fama and French Asset-Pricing Model to Select Stocks in Tehran Security and Exchange Organization (TSEO).Procedia Economics and Finance,36, pp.283-290. Lal, I., Mubeen, M., Hussain, A. and Zubair, M., 2016. An Empirical Analysis of Higher Moment Capital Asset Pricing Model for Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE).Open Journal of Social Sciences,4(06), p.53. Magni, C.A., Veronese, P. and Graziani, R., 2016. Chisini Mean and a Unified Approach to Capital Budgeting Criteria. Petters, A.O. and Dong, X., 2016. Capital Market Theory and Portfolio Risk Measures. InAn Introduction to Mathematical Finance with Applications(pp. 151-208). Springer New York. Prat, R., 2016. Five Objections Against Using a Size Premium When Estimating the Required Return of Capital with the Capital Asset Pricing Model. Robinson, C.J. and Burnett, J.R., 2016. Financial Management Practices: An Exploratory Study of Capital Budgeting Techniques in the Caribbean Region. Tong, J., Hu, J. and Hu, J., 2017. Computing equilibrium prices for a capital asset pricing model with heterogeneous beliefs and margin-requirement constraints.European Journal of Operational Research,256(1), pp.24-34.

Rate Transient Analysis in Shale Gas Reservoirs with Transient Linear Behavior free essay sample

Approved by: Chair of Committee, Committee Members, Robert A. Wattenbarger Goong Chen Christine Ehlig-Economides Bryan Maggard Stephen Holditch Head of Department, May 2009 Major Subject: Petroleum Engineering iii ABSTRACT Rate Transient Analysis in Shale Gas Reservoirs with Transient Linear Behavior. (May 2009) Rasheed Olusehun Bello, B. Sc. , University of Lagos, Nigeria; M. Sc. , University of Saskatchewan, Canada Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Robert Wattenbarger Many hydraulically fractured shale gas horizontal wells in the Barnett shale have been observed to exhibit transient linear behavior. This transient linear behavior is characterized by a one-half slope on a log-log plot of rate against time. This transient linear flow regime is believed to be caused by transient drainage of low permeability matrix blocks into adjoining fractures. This transient flow regime is the only flow regime available for analysis in many wells. The hydraulically fractured shale gas reservoir system was described in this work by a linear dual porosity model. We will write a custom essay sample on Rate Transient Analysis in Shale Gas Reservoirs with Transient Linear Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This consisted of a bounded rectangular reservoir with slab matrix blocks draining into adjoining fractures and subsequently to a horizontal well in the centre. The horizontal well fully penetrates the rectangular reservoir. Convergence skin is incorporated into the linear model to account for the presence of the horizontal wellbore. Five flow regions were identified with this model. Region 1 is due to transient flow only in the fractures. Region 2 is bilinear flow and occurs when the matrix drainage begins simultaneously with the transient flow in the fractures. Region 3 is the response iv for a homogeneous reservoir. Region 4 is dominated by transient matrix drainage and is the transient flow regime of interest. Region 5 is the boundary dominated transient response. New working equations were developed and presented for analysis of Regions 1 to 4. No equation was presented for Region 5 as it requires a combination of material balance and productivity index equations beyond the scope of this work. It is concluded that the transient linear region observed in field data occurs in Region 4 – drainage of the matrix. A procedure is presented for analysis. The only parameter that can be determined with available data is the matrix drainage area, Acm. It was also demonstrated in this work that the effect of skin under constant rate and constant bottomhole pressure conditions is not similar for a linear reservoir. The constant rate case is the usual parallel lines with an offset but the constant bottomhole pressure shows a gradual diminishing effect of skin. A new analytical equation was presented to describe the constant bottomhole pressure effect of skin in a linear reservoir. It was also demonstrated that different shape factor formulations (Warren and Root, Zimmerman and Kazemi) result in similar Region 4 transient linear response provided that the appropriate f(s) modifications consistent with ? Ac calculations are conducted. It was also demonstrated that different matrix geometry exhibit the same Region 4 transient linear response when the area-volume ratios are similar. v DEDICATION I dedicate my work to all those who have lovingly supported me throughout life and all its travails. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I want to give praises to Almighty Allah for sparing my life, continuously granting me His blessings and allowing me to successfully conclude this phase of my life. I want to acknowledge my supervisor, Dr. Robert. A. Wattenbarger for being a father, mentor, supervisor and friend to me. I am honored to have worked with him. I am also eternally grateful to him. I want to acknowledge the suggestions and contributions of my committee members, Dr. Christine Ehlig-Economides , Dr. Bryan Maggard – whose classes are among my favorites and invaluable- and Dr. Goong Chen. The research problem is described and the project objectives are presented. Chapter II presents an extensive literature review. The dual porosity model and its applications to liquids and gas are reviewed. Horizontal well applications are also reviewed. Chapter III describes the linear model to be used in this work. Validation of the linear model is also presented. Chapter IV presents new analysis equations developed using the linear model. Chapter V discusses the transient linear regime in detail and discusses the effects of shape factors and area-volume ratio. Chapter VI describes the constant bottomhole pressure effect of skin in linear reservoirs Chapter VII presents development of new type curves with application to sample field data. Chapter VIII presents conclusions and recommendations. 9 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 Introduction Initial studies of fractured reservoirs were concerned with applications to well test analysis of reservoir flow of liquids (constant rate, pressure buildup and drawdown). Subsequent research considered production data analysis (constant bottomhole pressure) and extension of existing models to gas flow. Most of the literature is devoted to radial reservoir models. In this chapter, review of literature will be conducted in three sections. The first section discusses the dual porosity model and its application to flow of slightly compressible fluids. The second section discusses the application of the dual porosity model to gas flow. The final section discusses the application of the dual porosity model to analysis of naturally fractured reservoirs with horizontal wells. 2. 2 Dual Porosity Model (Slightly Compressible Fluids) Naturally fractured reservoirs (tight gas, shale gas and coal gas) have been described by the dual porosity model. The dual porosity model was first formulated by Barenblatt et al. 17 and later extended to well test analysis by Warren and Root. 18 The Warren and Root model forms the basis of modern day analysis of naturally fractured reservoirs. In the Warren and Root model, the naturally fractured reservoir is modeled by uniform homogeneous matrix blocks separated by fractures as shown in Fig. 2. 1. The matrix blocks provide storage of the fluid to be produced while the fractures provide the 10 permeability. When a producing well is present, the fluid flows from the matrix to the fractures and to the well. There have been two types of approach in applying the dual porosity model based on how flow of the fluid from the matrix to the fractures is modeled – pseudosteady state and transient. Fig. 2. 1 Dual Porosity Model. 18 2. 2. 1 Pseudosteadystate Matrix-Fracture Transfer Models An equation for interporosity flow from the matrix to the fractures at a mathematical point under pseudosteadystate (quasisteadystate or semisteadystate) conditions was presented by Warren and Root. 18 11 q =? km  µ (p m ? pf ) Where q is the drainage rate per unit volume, ? is the Warren and Root shape factor, pm is the matrix pressure at a mathematical point. Two new parameters which are used to characterize naturally fractured reservoirs were presented by Warren and Root18 the interporosity flow parameter, ? (a measure of the flow capacity of the system) and the storativity, ? (a measure of the storage capacity of the fractures). Warren and Root18 were the first to apply Laplace transformation to obtain â€Å"f(s)† and solve for the dimensionless pressure distribution. A method of analyzing pressure buildup data for the infinite radial reservoir case was presented. Buildup plots were found to exhibit parallel lines on a semilog plot separated by an Sshaped transition period. The first line represents flow in the fracture system only while the second line represents flow in the total system (matrix and fractures). Kazemi et al. 19 investigated the suitability of applying the Warren and Root model to interpret interference results. They presented a model which extends the Warren and Root model to interference testing. They applied the Laplace transformation to obtain â€Å"f(s)† and solve for the dimensionless pressure distribution. They also numerically solved the model equations by finite-difference methods and included vertical pressure gradients. It was concluded that an equivalent homogeneous model was not appropriate at early times but could be used at later times. It was also concluded that the Warren and Root model yielded similar results as their numerical solution and was thus appropriate for analyzing naturally fractured reservoirs. 12 Odeh20 developed an infinite radial reservoir model for the behavior of naturally fractured reservoir. The model incorporates some limiting assumptions. The Laplace transformation is also utilized. Two parallel straight lines were not observed on a semilog plot contrary to Warren and Root’s results. It was concluded that buildup and drawdown plots of naturally fractured reservoir transient responses are similar to those of homogeneous reservoirs. Mavor and Cinco-Ley21 present solutions for the constant rate case in an infinite radial reservoir with and without wellbore storage and skin; and a bounded radial reservoir. Solutions are also presented for the first time for a constant pressure inner boundary with skin in an infinite radial reservoir. Da Prat et al. 22 extended the Warren and Root18 solutions to constant pressure inner boundary conditions and bounded outer boundary cases for the radial reservoir. They also present type curves for analysis. The results do not appear to represent realistic field cases. Bui et al. 23 present type curves for transient pressure analysis of partially penetrating wells in naturally fractured reservoirs by combining the Warren and Root model with the solution for these wells in homogeneous reservoirs. 2. 2. 2 Transient Matrix-Fracture Transfer Models Kazemi24 used a slab matrix model with horizontal fractures and unsteady state matrixfracture flow to represent single-phase flow in the fractured reservoir. The assumptions include homogeneous behavior and isotropic matrix and fracture properties. The well is 13 centrally located in a bounded radial reservoir. A numerical reservoir simulator was used. It was concluded that the results were similar to the Warren and Root model when applied to a drawdown test in which the boundaries have not been detected. Two parallel straight lines were obtained on a semilog plot. The first straight line may be obscured by wellbore storage effects and the second straight line may lead to overestimating ? when boundary effects have been detected. De Swaan25 presented a model which approximates the matrix blocks by regular solids (slab and spheres) and utilizes heat flow theory to describe the pressure distribution. It was assumed that the pressure in the fractures around the matrix blocks is variable and the source term is described through a convolution term. Approximate linesource solutions for early and late time are presented. The late time solutions are similar to those for early time except that modified hydraulic diffusivity terms dependent on fracture and matrix properties are included. The results are two parallel lines representing the early and late time approximations. The late time solution matches Kazemi24 for the slab case. De Swaan’s model does not properly represent the transition period. Najurieta26 presented a transient model for analyzing pressure transient data based on De Swaan’s25 theory. Two types of fractured reservoir were studied- stratum (slabs) and blocks (approximated by spheres). The model predicted results similar to Kazemi. 24 Serra et al. 27 present methods for analyzing pressure transient data. The slab model used is similar to De Swaan25 and Najurieta. 26 The model considers unsteady state 14 matrix fracture transfer and is for an infinite reservoir. Three flow regimes were identified. Flow Regime 1 and 3 are the Warren and Root18 early and late time semilog lines. A new flow Regime 2 was also identified with half the slope of the late time semilog line. Chen et al. 28 present methods for analyzing drawdown and buildup data for a constant rate producing well centrally located in a closed radial reservoir. The slab model similar to De Swaan25 and Kazemi24 is used. Five flow regimes are presented. Flow regimes 1, 2 and 3 are associated with an infinite reservoir and are described in Serra et al. 27 Flow regime 1 occurs when there is a transient only in the fracture system. Flow regime 2 occurs when the transient occurs in the matrix and fractures. Flow regime 3 is a combination of transient flow in the fractures and â€Å"pseudosteady state† in the matrix. Pseudosteadystate in the matrix occurs when the no-flow boundary represented by the symmetry center line in the matrix affects the response. Two new flow regimes associated with a bounded reservoir are also presented. Flow regime 4 reflects unsteady linear flow in the matrix system and pseudosteadystate in the fractures.. Flow Regime 5 occurs when the response is affected by all the boundaries (pseudosteady-state). Streltsova29 applied a â€Å"gradient model† (transient matrix-fracture transfer flow) with slab-shaped matrix blocks to an infinite reservoir. The model predicted results which differ from the Warren and Root model in early time but converge to similar values in late time. The model also predicted a linear transitional response on a semi-log plot between the early and late time pressure responses which has a slope equal to half 15 that of the early and late time lines. This linear transitional response was also shown to differ from the S-shaped inflection predicted by the Warren and Root model. Cinco Ley and Samaniego30 utilize models similar to De Swaan25 and Najurieta26 and present solutions for slab and sphere matrix cases. They utilize new dimensionless variables – dimensionless matrix hydraulic diffusivity, and dimensionless fracture area. They describe three flow regimes observed on a semilog plot – fracture storage dominated flow, â€Å"matrix transient linear† dominated flow and a matrix pseudosteadystate flow. The â€Å"matrix transient linear† dominated flow period is observed as a line with one-half the slopes of the other two lines. 7,29 It should be noted that the â€Å"matrix transient linear† period yields a straight line on a semilog plot indicating radial flow and might be a misnomer. The fracture storage dominated flow is due to fluid expansion in the fractures. The â€Å"matrix transient linear† period is due to fluid expansion in the matrix. The matrix pseudosteadystate period occurs when the matrix is under pseu dosteadystate flow and the reservoir pressure is dominated by the total storativity of the system (matrix + fractures). It was concluded that matrix geometry might be identified with their methods provided the pressure data is smooth. Lai et al. 31 utilize a one-sixth of a cube matrix geometry transient model to develop well test equations for finite and infinite cases including wellbore storage and skin. Their model was verified with a numerical simulator employing the Multiple Interacting Continua (MINC) method. Ozkan et al. 12 present analysis of flow regimes associated with flow of a well at constant pressure in a closed radial reservoir. The rectangular slab model similar to De 16 Swaan25 and Kazemi24 is used. Five flow regimes are presented. Flow regimes 1, 2 and 3 are described in Serra et al. 7 Two new regimes are presented- Flow regime 4 reflects unsteady linear flow in the matrix system and occurs when the outer boundary influences the well response and the matrix boundary has no influence. Flow Regime 5 occurs when the response is affected by all the boundaries. Houze et al. 32 present type curves for analysis of pressure transient response in an infinite naturally fractured reservoir with an infinite c onductivity vertical fracture. Stewart and Ascharsobbi33 present an equation for interporosity skin which can be introduced into the pseudosteadystate and transient models. The effect of interporosity skin is to delay flow from the matrix to the fractures. This equation is given by s ma = 2k mi h s hm k s where kmi is the intrinsic matrix permeability, hs is the thickness of the interporosity skin layer, hm is the matrix block dimension and ks is the permeability of the interporosity skin layer. It should be noted that all the transient models previously described were developed for the radial reservoir cases (infinite or bounded). El-Banbi16 was the first to present transient dual porosity solutions for the linear reservoir case. New solutions were presented for a naturally fractured reservoir using a dual porosity, linear reservoir model. Solutions are presented for a combination of different inner boundary (constant pressure, constant rate, with or without skin and 17 wellbore storage) and outer boundary conditions (infinite, closed, constant pressure). This model will be used in this work. 2. 3 Dual Porosity Model (Gas) Kucuk and Sawyer34,35presented a model for transient matrix-fracture transfer for the gas case. Previous work had been concerned mainly with modeling slightly compressible (liquid) flow. They considered cylindrical and spherical matrix blocks cases. They also incorporate the pseudopressure definitions for gases. Techniques for analyzing buildup data are also presented for shale gas reservoirs. Their model results plotted on a dimensionless basis matched Warren and Root18 and Kazemi24 for very large matrix blocks at early time but differ at later times. They also conclude from their tests that naturally fractured reservoirs do not always exhibit the Warren and Root behavior (two parallel lines). Carlson and Mercer15 coupled Fick’s law for diffusion within the matrix and desorption in their transient radial reservoir model for shale gas. Modifications include use of the pressure-squared forms valid for gas at low pressures to linearize the diffusivity equation. They provide a Laplace space equation for the gas cumulative production from their model and use it to history match a sample well. They also show that semi-infinite behavior (portions of the matrix remain at initial pressure and is unaffected by production from the fractures) occurs in shale gas reservoirs regardless of matrix geometry. They present an equation for predicting the end of this semi-infinite behavior. 18 Gatens et al. 6 analyzed production data from about 898 Devonian shale wells in four areas. They present three methods of analyzing production data – type curves, analytical model and empirical equations. The empirical equation correlates cumulative production data at a certain time with cumulative production at other times. This avoids the need to determine reservoir properties. Reasonable matches with actual data were presented. The ana lytical model is used along with an automatic history matching algorithm and a model selection procedure to determine statistically the best fit with actual data. Watson et al. 37 present a procedure that involves selection of the most appropriate production model from a list of models including the dual porosity model using statistics. The analytical slab matrix model presented by Serra et al. 27 is utilized. Reservoir parameters are estimated through a history matching procedure that involves minimizing an objective function comparing measured and estimated cumulative production. They incorporate the use of a normalized time in the analytical model to account for changing gas properties with pressure. Reasonable history matches were obtained with sample field cases but forecast was slightly underestimated. Spivey and Semmelbeck38 present an iterative method for predicting production from dewatered coal and fractured gas shale reservoirs. The model used is a well producing at constant bottomhole pressure centered in a closed radial reservoir. A slab matrix is incorporated into these solutions. These solutions are extended to the gas case by using an adjusted time and adjusted pressure. Their method also uses a total compressibility term accounting for desorption. 19 2. Horizontal Wells in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs There have been different traditional approaches to modeling horizontal wells in homogeneous reservoirs. Horizontal wells are normally modeled as infinite conductivity (pressure is uniform along the wellbore). It is not practical, as Gringarten et al. 39 demonstrated with infinite conductivity fractures, to compute the wellbore pressure from the infinite-conductivity model because of the computational work involved. Gringarten et al. 39 suggested computing the pressure drop from the uniform flux model (flowrate is the same for each individual segment along a wellbore) at a value of xD = 0. 32. This value was the point at which the uniform flux model yields the same results as the infinite conductivity model. This computation has also been incorporated into horizontal well models. 40-46 The mathematical problem to be solved for the anisotropic case is usually given by kx ? 2 p ? 2 p ? p ? 2 p + k y 2 + k z 2 = ?  µct 2 ? t ? x ? y ? z Several authors have used a model of a line source well in a semi-infinite45,47 or infinite reservoir. 40-44,48-50 Others41-44,48,51 have used a line source well in a closed rectangular reservoir. The infinite model has no-flow boundaries at the top and bottom. The semi-infinite reservoir model has three no-flow boundaries (top, bottom and left). The closed reservoir model has all four no-flow boundaries. 20 It should be noted that in these models, the well is usually not completely penetrating but the models by Ozkan 41-44 and Odeh and Babu51 provide this possibility once the appropriate well and reservoir dimensions are specified. The differential equation and boundary conditions have been mostly solved by the Newman product method and source functions. 0-45 These concepts for the homogeneous reservoir case have been extended to model horizontal wells in naturally fractured reservoirs. Ozkan41-44 presents Laplace space solutions for horizontal wells in a reservoir for infinite and closed rectangular boundary cases in terms of f(s). The line source approach previously described is utilized. As demonstrated by Ozkan, there is a possibility of applying this to the naturally fra ctured reservoir by substituting the appropriate f(s) for a selected matrix geometry. Carvalho and Rosa52 present solutions for an infinite conductivity horizontal well in a semi-infinite reservoir. The reservoir is homogeneous and isotropic. The horizontal well is modeled as a line source. The solutions for the homogeneous case were then extended to the dual porosity case by substituting s*f(s) for s in Laplace space for the pressure derivative (homogeneous). Wellbore storage and skin are incorporated into their model using Laplace space. Aguilera and Ng53 present analytical equations for pressure transient analysis. Their model is a horizontal well in a semi-infinite, anisotropic, naturally fractured reservoir. Transient and pseudosteadystate interporosity flow is considered. Six flow periods are identified –First radial flow (at early times, from fractures), Transition 21 period, Second radial flow in vertical plane, First linear flow, Pseudoradial flow and Late linear with expressions for determining skin provided. Ng and Aguilera54 present analytical solutions using a line source and then compute pressure drop on a point away from the well axis to account for the radius of the actual well. A method for determining the numerical Laplace transform is presented. This method was then used to compute the dual porosity response (pseudosteady state). Their solutions were compared to other solutions. Thompson et al. 55 present an algorithm for computing horizontal well response in a bounded dual porosity reservoir. Their model is a horizontal well in a closed rectangular reservoir. Their procedure involves converting a known analytic solution to Laplace space numerically point by point and then inverting using the Stehfest algorithm. 56 This is similar to the procedure presented by Ohaeri and Vo46 who use a numerical Laplace space algorithm57 but also present alternative equations determined by parameter ranges which result in computational efficiency. Du and Stewart58 describe situations which can yield linear flow behavior – a multi-layered reservoir (one layer has a very high permeability relative to the other); naturally fractured reservoir (flow from matrix into horizontal well intersecting fractures); and areal anisotropy (vertical fractures aligned predominantly in one direction). Their model is that of a horizontal well in a homogeneous, infinite acting reservoir. Three flow regimes are identified – radial vertical flow, linear flow opposite completed section and pseudoradial flow at late time. A bilinear flow behavior was also identified. 22 The model presented in this work has the advantage of being simpler than the horizontal well models. The model will be presented in Chapter III. It also allows the direct use of Laplace space techniques not easily seen with these horizontal well models. Review of literature also shows that the transient linear flow regime has not been investigated in the manner presented in this work. 23 CHAPTER III MATHEMATICAL MODEL 3. 1 Introduction A schematic of the model to be used in this work is shown in Fig. . 1. A rectangular grid is imposed on the microseismic results as shown in Fig. 3. 1. The model is shown in detail with representative cube matrix blocks in Fig. 3. 2. The features of the model to be used in this work are described below. †¢ A closed rectangular geometry reservoir containing a network of natural and hydraulic fractures (as in Mayerhofer et al. 14). The fractures do not drain beyond the boundaries of this rectangular g eometry. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The perforated length of the well , xe is the same as the width of the reservoir.

Before You Buy a German Dictionary

Before You Buy a German Dictionary German dictionaries come in many shapes, sizes, price ranges, and language variations. They range in format from online and CD-ROM software to large multivolume print editions resembling an encyclopedia. Smaller editions may have only 5,000 to 10,000 entries, while larger hardcover versions offer over 800,000 entries. You get what you pay for: the more words, the more money. Choose wisely! But its not the mere amount of words alone that make a good German dictionary. There are a few other factors that need to be considered. Here are a few tips on how to pick the right dictionary for your German learning. Consider Your Needs Not everyone needs a German dictionary with 500,000 entries, but the typical paperback dictionary has only 40,000 entries or less. Youll get very frustrated using a dictionary thats not up to your needs. Note that a dual-language dictionary with 500,000 entries is actually only 250,000 for each language. Dont get a dictionary with fewer than 40,000 entries. One Language or Two Monolingual, German-only dictionaries offer several disadvantages, especially when you are just at the beginning of your German learning. For intermediate and advanced learners they might serve as additional dictionaries to broaden ones ability to circumscribe certain things. While they usually contain more entries they are also very heavy and impractical for daily use. Those are dictionaries for serious language students, not for the average German learners. If you are a beginner I strongly recommend that you get a German-English dictionary to be very clear about what a word might mean. Take a look at a few Buying It At Home or in Germany At times I have come across German learners who bought their dictionaries in Germany because they were simply very expensive in their home country. The problem often was that those were English-German dictionaries, meaning they were made for Germans who were learning English. Which had some huge disadvantages. As the user was German they didnt need to write the German articles or plural forms into the dictionary which made those books simply useless for German learners. So be aware of such issues and pick a dictionary that was written for learners of German as a foreign language (Deutsch als Fremdsprache). Software or Print Versions Even a few years ago there was no substitute for a real print dictionary you could hold in your hands, but nowadays online German dictionaries are the way to go. They are extremely helpful and can save you a lot of time. They also have one huge advantage over any paper dictionary: They weigh absolutely nothing. In the age of the smartphone, youll always have some of the best dictionaries right at hand wherever you are. The advantages of those dictionaries are just amazing. Nevertheless, about.com offers its own English-German glossaries and links to many online German dictionaries that can still be quite helpful. Dictionaries for Special Purposes Sometimes a regular German dictionary, no matter how good it may be, just isnt adequate for the job. Thats when a medical, technical, business, scientific or other industrial-strength dictionary is called for. Such specialized dictionaries tend to be expensive, but they fill a need. Some are available online. The Essentials Whatever kind of dictionary you decide on, make sure it has the basics: the article, which means the gender of nouns, noun plurals, genitive endings of nouns, the cases for the German prepositions and at least 40,000 entries. Cheap print dictionaries often lack such information and are not worth buying. Most online dictionaries even provide you with audio samples of how a word is pronounced. Its advisable to look for a natural pronunciation like e.g. linguee. Original Article by: Hyde Flippo Edited, 23rd of June 2015 by: Michael Schmitz

Good MBA Recommendation Letters Advice

Good MBA Recommendation Letters Advice MBA program applicants often have a difficult times procuring recommendation letters that work. If you are wondering what qualifies as a good recommendation letter, who better to ask than an actual admissions representative? I asked representatives from top schools what they like to see in a recommendation letter. This is what they had to say. Good Recommendation Letters Show Strengths and Weaknesses The best letters of recommendation highlight with examples both the strengths and weakness of the candidate in light of a peer group. Typically, admissions offices limit essay length, but we all encourage recommenders to take the space they need to help build your case. - Rosemaria Martinelli Associate Dean of Student Recruitment Admissions at Chicago Graduate School of Business Good Recommendation Letters Are Detailed When choosing someone to write a letter of recommendation, dont get wrapped up in title, you want someone who can really answer the questions. If they cant answer the questions, they arent really helping you. You want some one who knows what you have done and what your potential is. - Wendy Huber, the Associate Director of Admissions at the Darden School of Business Good Recommendation Letters Are Insightful Letters of recommendation are one of the few components of an application that are submitted by an objective third party. They provide important insight into an applicants professional abilities and characteristics. We ask for two letters of recommendation, ideally from professionals as opposed to professors, and one is required from a current, direct supervisor. Its important to find people who can provide true insight into your professional accomplishments and potential to be a future leader. - Isser Gallogly, Executive Director of MBA Admissions at NYU Stern Good Recommendation Letters Are Personal The two letters of recommendation that you submit should be professional in nature. Your recommenders may be anyone (current/former supervisor, former professors, etc.) who is able to comment on your personal qualities, career potential, and potential to succeed in the classroom. Recommenders should know you personally and be familiar with your work history, credentials, and career aspirations. - Christina Mabley, Director of Admissions at McCombs School of Business Good Recommendation Letters Have Examples A good letter of recommendation is written by someone who knows the candidate and his/her work well, and can write substantively about contributions, leadership examples, and differences of opinion and disappointment. A good letter of recommendation highlights these characteristics through recent examples and is persuasive about a candidate’s ability to be a positive contributor, both inside and outside the classroom. - Julie Barefoot, Associate Dean of MBA Admissions at Goizueta Business School Good Recommendation Letters Include Work Experience The George Washington University School of Business views recommendation letters as an essential component of the evaluation process. Recommendation letters from clients or individuals who have worked closely with the applicant and can speak specifically to the professional performance of an MBA candidate are most useful. While recommendations from high profile figures can be seductive, in the end if the recommendation cannot demonstrate that that the recommender has had any personal experience of the applicant’s work, it will do little to bolster the candidate’s prospects for admission. A good recommendation letter clearly speaks to the candidate’s professional strengths and challenges and provides concrete examples whenever possible. Overall, we look to a recommender to provide insight as to how a candidate can both benefit from and contribute to an MBA program. - Judith Stockmon, Executive Director of MBA and Graduate Admissions at The George Washington Univer sity School of Business

Comparative essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Comparative - Essay Example Surprisingly, during summer, there is no single city out of the two that can be said to have a hot climate. Vancouver (128) is referred to as one of the warmest Canadian cities and so is Qing Dao (150) which is also known one of the temperate cities in China. During the summer seasons, you will find many people basking the sun in the morning and enjoying the fresh breeze everywhere in the evening. In addition, the beaches of the two cities are normally packed with lots of children whom their parents bring out to have fun. You will find many families down at the beach having barbeque parties. For that reason, summers in those cities have even been named ‘the barbeque season’ (130). However when it comes to the winter season, this is completely another different phase between the two cities. Vancouver has the mildest winter conditions among the Canadian cities (131). The rain goes for eight to nine months of heavy rainfall. I do not like the winter period as the rain plagues my heart and the atmosphere is usually lazy. It is even normal for people to get late for work or events since clouds are usually gloomy during the lethargic weather drawling more sleep and less activities. Astonishingly, the situation in Qing Dao is different on winter (150). The weather is rarely somber and the springs and autumn are much clearer. Back in Qing Dao, I used to have winter and spring outings which I cannot do that here. Having outlined the weather in both cities, I prefer Qing Dao to Vancouver. Another appealing thing I found amusing between the two cities is the food. The food here in Vancouver is very impressing. I used to feed on unadulterated Chinese food back in China. I was afraid that I could not get that same kind of food here but to my surprise, I stumbled several restaurants in Richmond that had identical food as to China. In addition, I have discovered many types of food here like the Japanese, Italians, French, Pakistani and Thai. I have to agree from the

Investment Analysis Coursework 2001 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investment Analysis Coursework 2001 - Essay Example ‘Herd’ implies a social grouping of people, who have similar understanding or perception about anything. Here ‘herd’ implies the people, who have the same viewpoint within the stock market. The above statement briefs that market movements are dependent on individuals. If a person buys a particular stock and he is a popular figure in the community and society, then every individual intends to purchase this stock and this is simply because the first person has bought it, not because of the market value of the stock. â€Å"Perhaps 100 people were simply imitating the coin flipping call of some terribly persuasive personality† (Buffett n.d. p. 4). The ‘margin of safety’ principle implies that safety should be ensured while buying stocks. Walter has justified that while dealing in the stock market, it should always be remembered that it is other people’s money which is being handled. Therefore it reinforces the ethics to strongly avert losses while dealing in stocks. It should always be remembered that money is real and therefore should be handled appropriately. If the net worth of a business is $1 and it can be obtained at 40 cents, then it aims to generate profit. In the stock markets risks and rewards are correlated because as the stock grows riskier, more are the returns from this stock. Even though a high risk stock would be able to generate more returns, yet a risky stock can also generate less or nil returns because the stock’s performance is dependent upon its market performance, which is guarded by several principles. Rational pricing is very important in the stock market, as this pricing is needed for fixed income securities and bonds. Rational pricing implies such a type of pricing, which represents that the market price of the assets in the stock market is free of any arbitrage pricing. Eugene Fama has been propounded as the father of the theory of ‘efficient market hypothesis’. Fam a stated two theories related to the efficient market hypothesis. The first theory was classifying the markets on the basis of three types of efficiency. Fama classified three forms of efficiency which are as follows: Strong form efficiency Semi strong form efficiency Weak form efficiency The strong form efficiency implies that all information related to the firm is incorporated in the price of the stock of the firm. The strong form tests are concerned with whether investors or investor groups have monopolistic access in determining the price of a stock. The semi strong form tests imply the prices are adjusted according to the information available about the firm in their announcements to the public, such as announcements of annual earnings, the stock splits etc. that the firm has witnessed. The weak form efficiency is such a test, where only the historical prices of stocks have been displayed to the public and no other details about the firm is divulged. Fama describes the market e fficiency hypothesis to be very simple, which simply points out that the market price of a stock represents all the vital information about the firm. The second concept, which Fama stated with respect to the efficient market hypothesis, was the concept of market efficiency, which can be rejected only with a rejection of the

Purpose of the Education System Essay Example for Free

Purpose of the Education System Essay The question posed is What should the education system be? This question cannot be answered specifically because the education system means something different to everyone. The education system is, to an extent, what it should be, which is an institution devoted to the development of the intellect. American education should however, be more than rote instruction of mandated materials. Our children should be taught more life skills along with science and math. Children sit in rows, facing straight, not talking. They select and use educational materials in unison, and watch the teacher write on the board. The droning sound of the teachers voice attempts to fill their minds with knowledge. It sounds militaristic because it is. Students remember more of what they are taught if the material is presented in a less formal, more enjoyable atmosphere. School administrators and state agencies set forth guidelines from which teachers must not deviate. The problem is, these administrators are removed from the classroom and tend to forget that children have changing needs. Todays teachers learn more progressive teaching methods such as portfolio assessment vs. testing, and sitting in groups instead of rows. There are few administrators willing to incorporate these changes into their schools. Education management needs to allow teachers the flexibility to teach their students using whatever methods actually work. There is no reason why children should not look forward to school. For the most part, our education system is devoted to teaching students. There is great concern that students should be prepared to move on to higher stages of education. Tests are given periodically to gauge students progress. There is much discussion how improving education and better preparing students for the world. Students do learn, and many excel, but school is still viewed as drudgery by most students. If our education system is to prepare children for the world educators need to look more closely at curriculum. Art, philosophy, history, math, English  and science are all important subjects. They teach us about the world around us and how things work. The social setting of the educational facilities also compels students to learn about society and what is acceptable behavior. However, are we properly preparing our students for the world? Are we teaching life skills like personal finance and relationship dynamics? Can we lower the rate of divorce or the number of poverty-stricken retirees by educating students in these areas? Our education system needs to incorporate fundamental life skills into the curriculum. The focus on education should not stop at the goal to create an intelligent adult. The education system must also attempt to create a responsible citizen, an asset to the community. The American education system is not entirely broken. There are many positive things happening. Progressive teaching methods are being employed and the student is being recognized as more of an individual. America cannot stop here. We need to ask ourselves if the moral fabric of our country can be improved through education. The education system plays a larger role in our lives than any other one thing. The system needs to use this influence to improve society as a whole and people as individuals.

Evolutionary Developmental Biology Essay -- Biology

Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) was instituted in the early 1980s as a distinctive field of study to characterise the new synthesis of evolution hypothesis (MÃ ¼ller, 2007). Evo-devo is regarded as a new rule in evolutionary biology and a complement to neo-Darwinian theories. It has formed from the combination of molecular developmental biology and evolutionary molecular genetics; their integration has helped greatly to understand both of these fields. Evo-devo as a discipline has been exploring the role of the process of individual development and the changes in evolutionary phenotype, meaning the developmental procedure by which single-celled zygotes grow to be multicellular organisms. Alterations in the developmental program frequently cause differences in adult morphology. When these alterations are helpful, they grow to be fixed in a population and can result in the evolution of new phyla. Evo-devo seeks to figure out how new groups happen by understanding how the method of development has evolved in different lineages. In other word, evo-devo explains the interaction between phenotype and genotype (Hall, 2007). Explanation of morphological novelty of evolutionary origins is one of the middle challenges in current evolutionary biology, and is intertwined with energetic discussion regarding how to connect developmental biology to standard perspectives from the theory of evolution (Laubichler, 2010). A large amount of theoretical and experiential effort is being devoted to novelties that have challenged biologists for more than one hundred years, for instance, the basis of fins in fish, the fin-to-limb change and the evolution of feathers. The biology of development promises to formulate a main contribution to these... ...is. Moreover, the relationship between neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory and evo-devo is highly contested (Hoekstra and Coyne, 2007; Minelli, 2010). However, the understanding of evo-devo methods and how the characteristics of the morphologies of different species diverged eventually is still comparatively limited. Craig (2010) stated that this field has obviously contributed to the understanding of genes and, subsequently, the understanding morphological characteristics of evolution in intricate organisms. There has been significant confirmation of evo-devo’s claim that regulatory modifications play an essential role in the evolution of shape. Evo-devo is the process of becoming a conceptual hub for an even larger integration of research areas in organismal biology, including genetics, ecology, paleontology, behavior, cognition, and other fields (Gerd B. MÃ ¼ller)

Student Issues

Our group selected and discussed eight different essays addressing a range of subjects. Some of these essays focused on issues related to students, while others focused on issues related to our citizenship in this country and the world. The essays allowed us to consider issues that were familiar to us, as well as issues that were beyond our own personal experiences. Each essay provided us an opportunity to consider our future and how we view the world and the discussion allowed us to explore and gain insight into how we and our group members felt about these important issues. â€Å"Could Your Facebook Profile Throw a Wrench in Your Future? discusses the danger to future employment posed by information posted by students on Facebook (Dince 44-48). While some of the information in the article seems somewhat out of date, but the overall point of the essay remains relevant: You should be careful about what you put on your Facebook page because employers may be looking at it. Some people may be offended by this and it is certainly not very professional for an employer to go to great efforts to find out private information about you, but job applicants should not be surprised if employers choose to look for information about them on the Internet. Employers have difficult decisions to make when hiring employees and they want to use all the resources that are available to find out who the applicants really are. When we apply for jobs, we work hard to put our best foot forward and employers often want to know what we are really like. Information on the Internet is one way to see how an individual interacts with friends and family, personal issues he or she may have, and problems he or she may have. Many of us may feel it is an invasion of our privacy to have employers looking at our personal relationships or how we use our private time. However, we need to accept that information we put on the Internet, whether it is on Facebook, MySpace, a blog, or a website, is never truly private. We also need to be looking forward to our future plans and goals when we put personal information on the Internet. Information that seems appropriate or innocuous to us as students may appear immature or irresponsible when we are looking for professional employment. Once we put information on the Internet, it may never truly ever go away, so we have to consider that when deciding what to put on the Internet. â€Å"Earning and Learning: Are Students Working Too Much? focused on how college students are increasing focusing more time on working. I have seen this phenomenon first hand through my own college experiences (Kramer 61-65). I originally attended college right out of high school more than ten years ago and lived in the dorms and did not work. I knew students that worked, but they generally only worked a few hours a week and most of my fellow students did not work. As I have gotten older, I have observed relatives, acquaintances, and my fellow students after I returned to school feel an increasing expectation and pressure to work while they are going to school. Some of this may simply be out of necessity because of the decreasing availability of student aid. I also think that changes in cultural and societal influences have encouraged students to expect more material objects such as computers, cell phones, home theaters, game systems, and vehicles. When I was in college, the expectation was that we would eat ramen for four years and very few students had a television or computer. We all knew we were â€Å"starving students† who live a more deprived life for years, but that when we graduated we would be able work towards all those material objects. When I talk to students just starting out now, they seem to expect all the comforts and privileges that had living at home with their parents and this leads them to focus more on earning money and less on their schoolwork. While this is certainly not true for every student, I think cultural and societal pressures have affected the priorities of many students. â€Å"The Nontraditional Student in You† article (Compton & Shock 169-173) reminded me of my own experience as a non-traditional student. When I started college, I never expected that I would become a non-traditional student. I expected that I would complete college in four years and continue on to a career with my college degree. Much like many other students I know, my plans were interrupted by other circumstances of life. I took a break from school because of health problems. I then got married and for financial and practical reasons, decided to help support my wife while she finished school. At that point in my life, I felt as if I had moved on from the â€Å"college† stage of life and continued working. After working several years, I became frustrated with my ability to progress in my job and wanted to be able to have more career options. I was not able to pick up and move to a town with a university and the local community college offered extremely limited options for me since I had already completed two years of college. When I investigated other opportunities, I became aware of the increasing number of programs available online, which were option that were not available in the past. I was able to enroll in the online program and Chadron State and will finally be able to complete my degree next spring. I have encountered many nontraditional students with similar experiences. Their life experiences led them to other paths besides a college degree. After frustrations with their career options or earning potential, they decided they needed to complete college. The opportunities provided by the Internet have allowed many of these students, like me, to complete their degree and open up new opportunities. â€Å"Independent Media Alternatives† discussed the importance of independent sources of news (Barsamian 189-194). Most mainstream sources of media such as major news networks and newspapers focus on what will be popular or appealing to the general public or advertisers. While some good reporting undoubtedly takes place, the mainstream media outlets tend to shy away from positions or stories that are controversial or â€Å"rock the boat. † They sometimes focus so much on appearing fair and unbiased that they miss the truth. Since independent media sources are less focused on corporate success and less indebted to the powers that be, they can tackle controversial or groundbreaking issues. They can also help keep mainstream media focused on the important issues and make sure they are being honest. The Internet has provided even more opportunities for independent sources of media. Regular citizens can create blogs or websites to report news information at little to no cost. This allows even more individuals to report on what they observe. This allows media to belong not just to corporations, but to any individual who wants to share his observations and experiences with the world. This allows us to get more honest, unfiltered access to news from more diverse perspective. â€Å"Less Privacy is Good for Us (and You)† advocates for invasions of our privacy when they benefit others (Etzioni 131-135). The underlying issue is that many Americans think the right to privacy is inviolable, but protection of privacy at the expense of the danger of others is more important. There are undeniably situations where the life of another depends revealing someone’s private information would lead most people to agree that it would be appropriate to violate that right to privacy. However, privacy should not be violated anytime there is a potential benefit. While the right to privacy is not specifically listed in the U. S.  Constitution, many of the Amendments protect specific privacy interests and many other state and federal laws protect other aspects of privacy. It’s fundamental to a free society to protect citizens from undue intrusion by the government, and protecting privacy is an essential piece of that. While there are valid reasons to violate privacy when more significant interests are at stake, all interests and rights should be carefully balanced. Privacy should not be violated when the threat to other interests is only speculative, but only when it is truly necessary. Hate Radio† focuses on the hateful or racist statements made by commentators, most of who are on right-wing or conservative radio (William 163-172). While I do not listen to these stations, I have heard reports of some of the most outrageous and offensive comments. I find racist statements deplorable and believe that radio or TV personalities that make them are having a negative impact on society. However, I would never advocate censoring them because as much as I find their comments reprehensible, the same free speech rights that allow me to criticize them protects their right to say whatever they choose, regardless of how harmful it is. I think the appropriate response is not to censor them, but to speak out against them and encourage others to do the same. Pressuring companies to pull their ads from radio or TV shows that contain hate speech and encouraging consumers to boycott the products of companies that advertise on them can be an effective tool to make a statement against them. â€Å"Who and What is American? † discusses the way we define ourselves as American (Lapham 3-15). Lapham argues that define ourselves by labels such as â€Å"Asian-American† or â€Å"African-American† divide us and is contrary to the idea of us all being American. American culture and history is full of diverse people from diverse backgrounds all united by a common identity of being American. I believe that it is important for us each to recognize and celebrate our own background and culture as well as recognize and celebrate our common purpose as Americans. In that sense, labels can be positive and destructive, depending on how we use them. As long as labels are used to celebrate our personal and cultural heritage, they can help us identify with others and express our unique backgrounds, which is all part of the experience of being an American. If we use these kind of labels to reinforce stereotypes or create divisions, they can be destructive. Unlike the author, I don’t believe that the use of labels is inherently negative, but that we should instead use them carefully and be sure that we are using them in a positive, constructive manner. â€Å"The Internet: A Clear And Present Danger? † raises concerns about the harmful information that is available to children on the Internet and advocates for more restrictions and regulations to Internet content (Cleaver 173-178). It is clear that the Internet is full of pornography and predators. Some regulations and enforcement is important to keep children from accessing offensive or damaging information or being the victim of predators. The government has limited power to regulate and control those that post information on the Internet, especially since it is difficult to trace some Internet activity and many posting information are outside of the United States and beyond our government’s jurisdiction. The most important defense against the risk the Internet poses to children is parents. Parents need to control and monitor their children’s access to the Internet to ensure they are using it safely. Parents can observe their children while they are using the Internet, keep their computer in a public place in the home to monitor it, view their children’s past Internet activity, limit access to chat rooms, and block inappropriate sites. They can also teach their children about appropriate Internet use so that when they do use the Internet on their own, they can make safe choices. While some government action is can be helpful, the most effective way to protect children is through their parents. Parents should take the initiative and the responsibility of making sure their children’s use of the Internet is safe and productive.

“A Good Man is Hard to Find” by Flannery O’ Connor Essay

While the concept of grace seems like the last theme in this story of murder and selfishness, it is actually represented quite frequently and as a big part of the story line. â€Å"A Good Man is hard to Find† focuses mainly on the personalities and traits of the two main characters, grandma and The Misfit. These two seem like complete opposites, which creates for a very intriguing comparison when it comes to their intelligence and capacity for grace in this short story. The Misfit displays a clear superiority in intelligence through his behavior and actions. The Misfit also has an obvious capacity for grace that exceeds the grandmother by analyzing his thoughts and conversations with the grandmother. The readers can infer that some of the grandmother’s traits are being close-minded and selfish. She lies to her grandchildren, complains about how the present times cannot even compare to the superiority of the past, and manipulates her son. The grandmother displays no self-awareness and is not open to reality and the current world around her. During the conversation moments before the grandmother was shot, her words prove these previous points. She portrays obvious ignorance when she attempts to convince the Misfit that he would never do this and that killing a lady is wrong. It is like she knows him and knows how he thinks and clearly she does not. The grandmother believes he will do what she says just because of her values and what she thinks is right in this situation; Ignorance at its finest. While these points show the weakness of the grandmother, they also prove the superiority of the Misfits intelligence in comparison. All along the Misfit intends to kill the family. Although there may have been moments of grace,  the end result was inevitable. Because of the Misfit’s age, real-world experience, and physical build and the arms he carries, he has a clear one- up in intelligence in this situation. The grandmother is just pleading for her survival at this point, while the Misfit is in control. He bears a weapon that determines life or death in these very moments. The Misfit has a clear strategy for execution of the doomed family. First the parents and children are killed in the woods and the grandmother is saved for last. The Misfit has had to experience much more of the real world than has the family. He has had numerous tough times and obstacles to overcome, while the grandmother and her family have lived sheltered compared to him. Now, the grandmother is placed in a very real situation and does not know how to handle it successfully which gives the Misfit a clear advantage for control. All her life, the grandmother has placed herself higher than everyone else and is now forced to do the opposite and her life depends on it. This intense sign of weakness is foreign to the grandmother and is what ultimately gets her killed when placed against someone of higher intelligence. Capacity for grace is an ongoing theme represented in bother the Misfit and the grandmother. The Misfit shows more capacity for grace than does the grandmother. During the grandmother’s plead to keep her life, she is very consistent in her argument and stays true to her reasoning that she thinks he is a good man and that he would never kill a lady, basically putting words in his mouth and thoughts in his head. She does not back down from her beliefs and keeps trying to persuade him not to kill her, which is the only thing crossing her mind at that moment. During her argument, she talks about Jesus and his actions and even though the Misfit puts on a tough faà §ade, we find that later in the book, his values change from originally stating that â€Å"there is no pleasure in life but meanness,† transitioning to â€Å"there is no pleasure in life at all.† This shows a little mercy and capability of change in the Misfit that is not present in the grandmother whatsoever. These two characters were very unlikely recipients of any grace, but the Misfit showed more towards the grandmother by not shooting her instantly and changing his values drastically. â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† shows the conflict between two extremely different characters which creates a very interesting comparison between them. The Misfit takes the lead in both intelligence and capacity for grace when put up against the grandmother. He is more educated in real world situations while she is ignorant and unaware; also the Misfit shows more willingness to change than does the grandmother from her old, close-minded ways. The Misfit is an unlikely candidate to fit these roles but his actions and thoughts prove otherwise throughout the story.

Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Children Essay Example

Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Children Essay Example Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Children Essay Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Children Essay Freedom from anguish which may include humiliation and black intervention and Right to household life to continue the person. The experience of maltreatment and disregard is likely to hold a important impact on a individual s wellness and good being. On more than one juncture, medical practicians who noticed Markss on Victoria s organic structure considered the possibility that kids who have grown up in Africa may be expected to hold more Markss on their organic structures than those who have been raised in Europe. This premise, irrespective of whether it is valid or non, may forestall a full appraisal of those Markss being made. In the twelvemonth 2009 October the 12th a new Vetting and Barring strategy was produce whereby several new lists came into being, one protecting persons working with kids and that of working with grownups. The restricted files will be governed via a different organic structure, which is known as the Independent Safeguarding Authority ( ISA ) . Persons found on such records within the ISA are obliged to be banned from a far wider scope of maintaining up public presentation than earlier. Harmonised actions will be reinforced by and large to NHS and societal attention workers. The recent proposal is been established on a phased footing which comes into consequence from July 2010. Persons who are now working with kids or vulnerable grownups whom has changed professions will be forced to subscribe up through the ISA. At present territory nurses in places are obligated to register from 2011, so hence all referrals are now expected to be made to the Independent Safeguarding Authority ( IS A ) . The Independent Safeguarding Authority ( ISA ) was created as portion of the Government s Vetting and Barring Scheme ( VBS ) to assist forestall unsuitable people from working with kids and vulnerable grownups. It is a Non Departmental Public Body, sponsored by the Home Office . They work in corporation along with the Criminal Records Bureau ( CRB ) to help in doing certain there is no principle for why persons who wants to work or volunteer in the company of kids or vulnerable grownups should non make so. As stated in the Safeguarding for Adults frame work article it says that the group of grownups who are in subjective by the No Secrets are persons who is or may be eligible for community attention services . In such groups, folks who were unable to protect themselves from important injury are called vulnerable grownups . Though the term vulnerable grownups elevates the happening in ill-treatment experienced by the person or the group, at manus it is acknowledged that this word picture is problematic. Therefore been labelled can misdirect, because one can direct footing of mistreatment towards the victim, alternatively of puting answerability by agencies of behavior or riddance of others. The demand of precautions to screen vulnerable grownups and kids was tainted by the Richard Inquiry ( 2004 ) shortly after the slaying of Jessica Chapman and Holly Wells in 2002. Following the proposal of the Inquiry, the Safeguarding Vulnerable Group Act 2006 came to go through to do certain that there is a more forceful construction to safeguard folks at hazard. The Act came into being on the 20 January 2009, to better processs for safeguarding vulnerable grownups from maltreatment or the possibility of injury by workers or voluntaries whose employment allows them a considerable sum of entree to such persons. Emphasis is now placed on helping grownups to hold admittance to services of their ain pick, alternatively of stepping in to afford protection. Better Governm ent for Older People is a theoretical account of how the support of dynamic residence for all is been assessed as an investing on a cardinal place in avoiding hazards to their independency. Meanwhile, the duty to offer protection to those who do non hold the mental capacity entryway themselves has become clearer ( e.g. Human Rights Act 1988, Mental Capacity Act 2005, Domestic Violence Crime and Victims Act 2004 ) . In recognition of the switching context, earlier suggestions to the safety of vulnerable grownups and to adult protection attempt are presently substituted by the new term: Safeguarding Adults . This look measures all labor which permits an grownup who is or may be eligible for community attention services to keep independency, security, penchant and their human right to be in a life that is liberated from maltreatment and disregard. Such account peculiarly embrace persons who are considered as being able to bulk of the attention services, every bit good as those in good wellness and are entitled for societal attention services but such demands in relation to safeguarding is for entree to normal services such as the constabulary. The kids Act 1989 puts in topographic point legal demands for kid protection practise. The Act introduces actions that are applicable for when a kid may be at hazard of maltreatment. Community and unrevealed guidelines correlated to kids plants under such jurisprudence, in a patterned advance of values overruling the public presentation and processs, every bit in and off from tribunal. An of import fundamental in respects to the demands of the kids Act, 1989, is that the kid s public assistance should be paramount in doing determinations about her life and belongings . There is no exact description in the Act to state what is understood by welfare nevertheless it is obvious in an effort to clear up its significance that by far it is a significant and nonsubjective public assistance and that it furthermore refers to the kid s emotional, societal and moral wellbeing. Shortly after the Children Act of 2004 introduced a legislative construction intended for the support of the communit y to protect kids within England and Wales. All administrations that came into contact with services to kids, together with healthcare administrations, are required to collaborate to do certain that in implementing the intent they safeguard and uphold the safety of kids. Safeguarding kids is dependent on the efficient professional work done in connexion with the administration and specializer with regard to their different occupation functions and expertness. Baby Peter s decease was really disconcerting, it went rather far beyond been an exceeding offense. Too many kids has been killed in similar state of affairss which tallies up to 30 kids in this state since that of Baby P and bulk of them has died at the custodies of a carer or parent. What raised attending to these instances was due to how many times the local authorization, including Haringey who handled the instance of Victoria climbie and was judged for pretermiting the protection which was meant to be given to her several old ages before, such kids were seen non be taken earnestly therefore protection was non given. Whilst babe Peter was alive he was taken to the infirmary on many occasions with hurts shown and was seen to up to 60 times by different professional s merely months before he passed off. The guardian cited that twosome of yearss before Peter died he was seen by a baby doctor who did non gain that his broken back and paraplegia. A headline on the Article noted that Baby Peter was born into a incubus of maltreatment, force and desperation, he neer stood a opportunity . It went on to state that snarled household life of Baby Peter is a realistic premonition of the trails that many coevalss of abandoned and crude maltreatment can see on kids. Although kids comprise one of the largest and most vulnerable groups in society, their demands are often non recognised or met ( Cloke A ; Naish, 1992 ) . The Every Child Matters ( 2003 ) article places an involvement that a kid s well-being and safeguarding of him or her from fiddling hurt is critical and the liability is that of the parents, carers and professionals working with kids. There is a displacement in attitude amongst policy shapers that suggests the public assistance of kids is the duty of everyone ( DoH, 2002 ) . During earlier period to current times, utmost instances that ranged from 197O s to recent times where kids have been abused or died by the direct custodies of their carers, because of this the protection of kids has become a surging concern for the authorities. Cloke and Naish ( 1992 ) has reasoned that the nursing profession holds a definite input in undertaking kid maltreatment, from go oning to them acquiring involved in an drawn-out period local authorization attention. Professionals working within the health care plays an of import place in doing certain that kids and households recieves the best attention , aid and services they require in petition to better kids s well-being and development. Working together to safeguard kids is the national model for kid protection practise and its counsel applies to everyone working with kids and households ( DH,1999 ) . This justifies how the kid protection process works, naming the responsibilities of professionals and the steps to prosecute whilst there are apprehensiveness sing a kid. One of the rules of working together and the attach toing model for the Assessment of kids in demand and their households is that kid protection practise should be operated within a broader model of kids in demand ( DH, 2000 ) . This return into consideration the demands of kids whom are been looked after, have a disablity, slightly abused in the class of harlotry or endure social exclusion. It is just to province that the Laming Inquiry into the decease of Victoria Climbie ( Crippling 2003 ) has resulted in much of this unprecedented governmental activity and that this is now driving national policy development even though other kids have died through parental or carer maltreatment ( DoH 2002a, DHSS 1991, DHSS 1982 ) . It is obvious that to manus is an overload of policy alteration are commanding how the society protects and safeguard kids and vulnerable grownups and this is more recognized within the wellness attention. The NHS has been subjected to the audit and review of kid protection agreements across all trusts ( DoH 2002b, CHI 2003a, CHI 2003b ) many following on from the Laming Inquiry ( Crippling 2003 ) . This was besides related to the rationalisation of the responsibility carried out by higher disposal at a degree for safeguarding kids, structured on overturning the counsel of Child Protection Responsibilities of Primary Care Trusts published in 2002. In add-on to such proposal the Kennedy Report ( DoH 2001 ) has asked bureaus and folks to believe about how they support and safeguard kids in wellness attention and this has develop into a important issue back uping of the Children s National Service Framework ( DoH 2004b ) . Given all these enterprises it can be hard for primary attentio n practicians, because of their diverse working environments and pattern, to maintain abreast of the alterations that will be impacting their function and peculiarly if kids and immature people are non their designated client group ( Thain 2000 ) . In clip it will be expected that primary wellness attention practicians needs to increase their consciousness on the footing about safeguarding kids, set abouting specialised preparation and to be able to take on challenges if and when necessary action is needed. Whilst the demand for widespread kid protection preparation and peculiar medical disposal are reasonably recent in the wellness service programmes, the answerability is for everyone to take it upon themselves to be cognizant of when a kid may be at hazard is the demand of subdivision 47 of the Children Act 1989 ( DoH 1989 ) . This demand is detailed within Working Together to Safeguard Children ( DoH 1999 ) and the more recent publication What to Make if You Are Worried a Child is Bing Abused ( DoH 2003 ) sent to every practician on the NMC registry . Although the Children Act stands every bit, the Code of Professional Conduct is besides at that place to place the dependableness of practicians to protect and back up the wellness of single patients and clients ( NMC 2002, Robsbaw and Smith 2004 ) . Therefore referrals of kids who have a demand or may be at hazard of maltreatment should be pointed to the appropriate governments whom are already surrounded by the protection of the codification ; on the other manus practicians are compelled non to conflict secrecy except given the spell in front or within the populace s involvement to make so. The inquiry is asked as to what safeguarding might be ; a definition specifies that for one to develop and boom, the young person should be tested of their ability the same as been kept out of injury s manner through the community lending chances in order for them to turn. To safeguard immature people it is more than merely protecting them, it requires a complete action taken to guarantee no injury is potentially placed in their manner. By its really nature maltreatment the abuse of power by one individual over another has a big impact on a individual s independency. Disregard can forestall a individual who is dependent on others for their basic demands exerting pick and control over the cardinal facets of their life and can do humiliation and loss of self-respect . ADSS, 2005